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Alendronate causes serious gastrointestinal adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether octreotide, a synthetic somatostatin analogue, improves the alendronate-induced gastric injury. Rats were administered 20mg/kg alendronate by gavage for 4 days, either alone or following treatment with octreotide (0.1ng/kg, i.p.). On the last day, following drug administration, pilor ligation...
We investigated the effect of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on cerulein induced acute pancreatitis in rats. α-MSH treatment (50μg per rat, intraperitoneally) prior to cerulein reduced the plasma amylase level, pancreatic weight, pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity and the severity of the lesions microscopically. These data suggest that α-MSH has a protective effect on cerulein-induced acute...
An antifungal peptide with a molecular mass of 10kDa was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. The peptide, designated as eryngin, inhibited mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola. It was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and S-Sepharose. Its N-terminal sequence demonstrated some similarity to the antifungal protein...
Previously, we introduced the RPLKPW sequence, a highly potent hypotensive peptide designed based on ovokinin (2-7), into three homologous sites in the soybean β-conglycinin α' subunit by site-directed mutagenesis. The modified protein expressed in Escherichia coli reduced blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after oral administration at a dose of 10mg/kg, which suggested about...
The effect of a synthetic peptide (H 92 -G 110 ) identical to the C-terminus of murine S100A9 (mS100A9p) was investigated on hyperalgesia and edema induced by either jararhagin or papain in the rat paw. mS100A9p not only reverted hyperalgesia and edema induced by jararhagin, but also the highest concentration induced antinociception. Hemorrhage induced by jararhagin...
Gut tissues of 2-week post-ecdysis female Locusta migratoria L. were assayed for FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity (FLI) during various feeding states using both radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. The feeding states investigated were: (a) 48- and 24-h starved; (b) 5-, 30-, or 60-min post-feeding initiation; and (c) a diet of wheat grass, carrots, or apples. We determined: (1) the feeding state...
Endomorphin 1 (EM-1) and EM-2 have been widely reported in the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) but limited research has been done regarding their distribution in the peripheral system. The occurrence of EM-1 and -2 in the spleen as measured by RIA and their ability to mediate immune function imply a role for EMs in this area. The current study examines the localization of EM-1 and -2 in...
Synthetic antimicrobial 9-mer peptides were designed from the amino acid sequence of an active site of insect defensin to increase the number of positively charged amino acid residues. These peptides, RLRLRIGRR-NH 2 , RLLLRIGRR-NH 2 and RLYLRIGRR-NH 2 , showed strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungus. These peptides showed no growth inhibition activity against...
Beacon gene has been recently identified in the rat hypothalamus, and reported to be overexpressed in obese animals. This pattern of expression suggests that beacon may be involved in the functional regulation of neuroendocrine axes. Hence, we have investigated the expression of beacon in the endocrine system of the rat. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed the expression of beacon...
Thymulin is a thymic hormone exclusively produced by the thymic epithelial cells. It consists of a nonapeptide component coupled to the ion zinc, which confers biological activity to this molecule. After its discovery in the early 1970, thymulin was characterized as a thymic hormone involved in several aspects of intra- and extrathymic T-cell differentiation. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that...
A 12kDa ribonuclease preferential for poly U and with much lower activity toward poly A, poly G and poly C was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. A purification procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Red-Sepharose and Heparin-Sepharose, and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75 was...
The predicted conformation of ranatuerin-1 (SMLSVLKNLG 10 KVGLGFVACK 20 INK QC), an antimicrobial peptide first isolated from the skin of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, comprises three structural domains: α-helix (residues 1-8), β-sheet (residues 11-16) and β-turn (residues 20-25). Circular dichroism studies confirm significant α-helical character in 50% trifluoroethanol...
The present study was designed to compare the effect of leptin on acute colonic inflammation with that of acute stress exposure, which acts via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were administered intrarectally with acetic acid. Either leptin (10μg/kg; i.p.) or saline was injected immediately before and 6h after the induction of colitis. A group of rats...
Helospectin I and II, two closely related mammalian neuropeptides of the secretin/glucagons/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) superfamily of peptides, are co-localized with VIP in nerve fibers surrounding vascular smooth muscle. However, the role if any, VIP receptors play in transducing the vasorelaxant effects of helospectin I and II in the intact peripheral microcirculation is uncertain. The...
Transmural electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve endings of human saphenous vein biopsies released two forms of NPY identified chromatographically as native and oxidized peptide. The release process is dependent on extracellular calcium, the frequency, and the duration of the stimuli. While guanethidine reduced the overflow of ir-NPY, phenoxybenzamine did not augment NPY release, but increased...
A lectin was isolated from extracts of fruiting bodies of the mushroom Xerocomus spadiceus using a procedure that involved ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The lectin was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel...
The effects of somatostatin (SRIF) microinjected unilaterally (left or right) at a dose of 10, 50, and 100ng into the neostriatum of male Wistar rats on exploratory behavior were studied. Unilateral injections of SRIF suppressed dose-related the exploratory activity as decreased the number of horizontal and vertical movements compared to the respective controls. The effect was more pronounced when...
The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of beta-endorphin can cause either a decrease in blood pressure in normal rats or an increase in obese rats. Diet-induced obesity is associated with an increase of hypothalamic mu opioid receptors. Since beta-endorphins act by opioid receptors, we investigated the effect of CNS mu as well as kappa opioid receptor agonist and antagonist on mean blood pressure...
More information is needed on the physiological role of the tachykinins (TKs), especially neurokinin 3 -receptor (NK 3 ) agonists, in the pancreas. In this paper we investigated and compared the effect of PG-KII (10 -9 to 10 -6 M), a natural NK 3 -receptor agonist, with that of the known secretagogues substance P (10 -9 to 10 - ...
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